Annonces

Niels Bohr-2nd Physics

 
صورة farouk ladjailia
Niels Bohr-2nd Physics
بواسطة الأحد, 26 شباط 2023, 6:16 - farouk ladjailia
 

Unit 3                     2nd Physics            

READING PASSAGE                      Niels Bohr

 

Niels Bohr (1885-1962) was a Danish physicist and winner of the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physics.  Bohr began his work on the Manhattan Project after fleeing to Sweden from Denmark because of German occupation in 1943.  Originally he was brought to London, working with the British Tube Alloys nuclear weapons development team.  Bohr was eventually brought to the United States, and worked at Los Alamos under the pseudonym Nicholas Baker, as a knowledgeable consultant.  He flew back and forth between London, Washington, and Los Alamos for the next two years. Both during and after the Manhattan Project, Bohr supported peaceful applications of atomic energy and openness between nations with regard to nuclear weapons.  Bohr travelled to England in 1911 to work with J.J. Thomson at the Cavendish Laboratory, but failed to impress him with his experiments, though he received an invitation for post-doctoral work with Ernest Rutherford.  He adapted Rutherford’s nuclear structure to Max Planck’s quantum theory and created the Bohr model, the most widely accepted model of the atom. In 1922, Bohr was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his research and contributions on the structure of an atom. For more information on his scientific research and achievements, visit the Nobel Prize Website

Niels Bohr's Timeline:

-1885 Oct 7th Born in Copenhagen, Denmark.

-1903 Entered the University of Copenhagen and came under the guidance of Professor C. Christiansen.

-1908 Won a prize from the Academy of Sciences in Copenhagen for solving the scientific problem of surface tension by means of oscillating fluid jets, and his paper was published in the Transactions of the Royal Society.

-1909 Earned his Master's degree in Physics.

-1911 Received his Ph.D. from the University of Copenhagen.

-1911 Traveled to England to work with J.J. Thomson at the Cavendish Laboratory.

-1913 Returned to the University of Copenhagen to work as a docent.

-1913-1914 Held a Lectureship in Physics at Copenhagen University.

-1914-1916 Lectureship at Victoria University in Manchester.

-1916 Appointed Professor of Theoretical Physics at Copenhagen University.

-1920-1962 Head of the Institute for Theoretical Physics, established for him at the University of Copenhagen.

-1943 Fled from Denmark to Sweden because of the Nazi occupation.

-1943-1945 Worked on the Manhattan Project.

-1950 Sent a letter to the United Nations calling for an "open world" freely sharing scientific and technical information.

-1955 Organized the first Atoms for Peace Conference in Geneva, Switzerland.

-1945 President of the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences.

-1947 Was awarded the Order of the Elephant from Frederick IX.

-1962 Nov 18th Died in Copenhagen, Denmark.

 

 

 

 

 

Grammar

I-Reported Speech :

1-In the transmitted speech, we turn the near into the far.  2-Convert auxiliary verbs from the present to the past. 3-Turn the speaker into absentee. 4-The spoken word never comes in the form of a question.

Direct Speech

Reported

 

Direct Speech

Reported

I

You

We

My

Our

Am, is

Are

Will

Can

Have, has

This

He, she

I, me, us

They

His, her

Their

Was

Were

Would

Could

Had

That

 

Here

Now

Tomorrow

Yesterday

Today

Open

Don’t

Do, does, did

Simple present

Simple past

The formula of question

There

Then

The day after

The day before

That day

To open

Not to

If

Simple past

Past perfect

Answer formula

 

I-Examples of reported speech:                                                                                                       -I will travel with my father to London. --- He said he would travel with his father to London.                                                                                                                                                     -We visited the zoo yesterday. --- They had visited the zoo the day before.                                             -You are having an exam today. --- We were having an exam that day.                                                     -Do you speak English. --- He asked me if I spoke English.

II-Personal Pronouns:

Personal pronoun

Possessive:  adjective and pronoun

Reflexive pronoun

Subject form

Object form

Possessive adjective

Possessive pronoun

I

You

He

She

It

We

You

They

Me

You

Him

Her

It

Us

You

Them

My

Your

His

Her

Its

Our

Your

Their

Mine

Yours

His

Hers

Its

Ours

Yours

Theirs

Myself

Yourself

Himself

Herself

Itself

Ourselves

Yourselves

Themselves

 

II-Examples of Personal Pronouns:                                                                                               -My house is small.                                                                                                                          -Her father is strong.                                                                                                                      -Our room is big.                                                                                                                           -Their family is happy.                                                                                                                 -The first person you should trust is yourself.

III-Pronunciation:

Definition

Example

The letter K is not pronounced if it comes at the beginning of the word and comes after it the letter n

Knife, Knight, Know, Knowledge, Knee, Knock.

The letter C is pronounced K if not followed by one of the following letters Y, E,  I

Clock, Clap, Car, Cry, Cat.

The letter C is not pronounced S  unless one of these letters y, I, e comes after it and others are pronounced k

Center, City, Mercy.